The Impact of Mental Illnesses and Health Problems from...

The Impact of Mental Illnesses and Health Problems from Work-Related Stress on Employees in Office Jobs Introduction Year after year a behavioral change began to impact her life; she became irritable, fatigued and gained almost fifty pounds. She was no longer fun to be around and isolated herself away from everyone. Her kids would ask if she was okay and knew something was wrong. The work-related stress and harassment she received from her bosses triggered symptoms of depression. The job took place at Unknown Healthcare where she was an administrative assistant. An office job that paid fairly well, however, was stressful because of the rigorous demands from the bosses and the abusive behavior in which they treated her. She was working 9-5 everyday with some days of overtime while being a single parent with two young kids. She decided it was in her best interest to quit the job and find something where she would be happier and healthier. However the damage was already done as she currently, to this day, suffers from chronic depression. After leaving the job she began taking anti-depressants and found a job that she loves. You can see a huge improvement in behavior, as she has more energy and is enjoyable to be around again. She will be interviewed in a different segment with regards to the study. Stress in the workplace is a common safety and health issue in the 21st century and can lead to mental illnesses such as depression if untreated for years. Not onlyShow MoreRelatedHealth And Safety Of Workers1699 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing steadily for a number of decades. Consequently, concern regarding the influence of overtime and longer working hours on the health and safety of workers has grown amongst both members of the scientific community and the healthcare industry itself. 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For people living in underprivileged or disadvantaged section, basic health services are an essential part to manage their life. Accessibility and low-cost medical care are needed to attend to health woes. Though there are some permanent loopholes in the health care facilities in remote areas, people rely more or less on the limited health services made available. Feelings: I have observed

C. Wright Millss Sociological Imagination - 1301 Words

The sociological imagination, a concept coined by C. Wright Mills, is defined as, â€Å"the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and wider society.† The sociological imagination is not an innate way of thinking, therefore its inverse is commonly referred to as the ordinary way of thinking. People who think ordinarily, do not make connections between what is happening in their own milieu and what is happening in the larger society they live within. The memoir of Michael Patrick MacDonald, All Souls, recounts his experience growing up in South Boston and perfectly illustrates the ordinary way of thinking. He and his family faced countless hardships and struggles that were merely side effects of larger societal issues, yet†¦show more content†¦Even after this pertinent information came to light, the family was still in disbelief, â€Å"I still wasn’t going to believe Frankie was in that casket until I saw him†(MacDonald 186). No one in the family could fathom that someone as upright, and clean cut as Frankie would die like that. Their ordinary way of thinking obstructed the MacDonalds from seeing no matter how revered Frankie was, he was not immune to phenomenons which plagued Southie society, drugs and violence. This lack of understanding is particularly exemplified in the Ma’s futile effort to go, â€Å"after the whole criminal ring (MacDonald 191),† responsible for Frankie’s death. In actuality it was much more than the actions of a couple individuals that caused Frankie to die, but the indentured patterns of crime which defined their neighborhood. The death of another MacDonald son, Davey, once again reveals the ordinary thinking used by the family, but this time on the topic of suicide, rather than drugs and violence. On a hot August afternoon, Davey, the eldest of the MacDonald children, jumped from the top of the Old Colony building, landing on the pavement, resulting in severe injury, and eventually death. If it was not apparent enough from the jump, Michael found broken bottles that Davey had used to slit his wrists on the roof, proving that his death was not accidental but suicidal. There was something insanely taboo about committing suicide in an Irish Catholic community, yet it did not change the factShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Imagination Essay examples1118 Words   |  5 PagesHaving written The Sociological Imagination in 1959, C. Wright Mills was brought up in a society far more different and archaic than the idea of contemporary society today. The ideals that were imparted to him during his lifetime provided a framework to the ideals that are imparted to people today; however, like all incarnations, processes and ideas adapted to situate themselves into the transitioning threads of society. Through his elaboration on the sociological imagination, C. Wright Mills portraysRead MoreResponse Paper : The Promise1008 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"sociologically right.† The sociological imagination was coined by C. Write Mills. His theory of sociological imagination is that we need to look at things in the big picture. Mills had grown concerned with sociological research. Mills felt that the researchers had gone away from theoretical understanding of society. Mills’s concept was that in order to get a full understanding on an individual we have to use our imaginations and think outside the box. He felt that sociological research need researchersRead MoreIn His Account of the Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills (1959) Distinguishes Between ‘Private Troubles’ and ‘Public Issues’. Discuss in Relation to Domestic Violence.746 Words   |  3 Pagesforces and structures (Furze, Savy, Brym, Lie, 2008). Ideologies and social norms about men and women such as patriarchy and gender inequalities contribute greatly to the occurrence of domestic violence in society. Hence C. Wright Mills’s concept of the sociologica l imagination, â€Å"the quality of mind to see what is going on in the world and what may be happening within themselves,† (1959, as cited by Furze et al, 2008, p8) can be applied to domestic violence for it can be distinguished as both a private

Alternative Approaches to Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Alternative Approaches to Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Strategic management refers to the formulation and implementation of significant goals and initiatives by an organisations executive management team on behalf of the shareholders. These decisions are often based on the consideration of the available resources and evaluation of all internal and external environment factors that affect the business operations. Strategic management provides organisations the overall direction and involves the specification of the entitys goals, designing of plans to achieve the objectives, and development of various policies. The strategic management process also entails allocation of allocating resources to attain the objectives (Rialp, Rialp, and Knight 2014). Academicians and practicing managers have over time developed a number of models and frameworks to help in the strategic decision-making processes. The models work differently in varied context, complex environments, and competitive dynamics. It is important to note at this state that strategic management is not static, but is rather dynamic. As a result, most of the models that have been developed over time include a feedback channel to help managers monitor the implementation of the strategies, hence, base their future decision on such findings (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2012). One of the current strategic management models is the linear approach. The standard liner approach entails planned determination of initiatives, goals, and the allocation of resources along the lines of an all-encompassing strategy. The strategy often focuses on long term perspectives of the business, and emphasis is laid on managers exchanging information back and forth to make sure that all departments within the business follow the same strategic approach (Morecroft 2015). Scholars indicate that the approach is the most consistent with most strategic planning approaches and is likely to have an impact in the long planning horizon of the firm. One of the limitations, however, is that the strategist who uses the approach often deals with the environment as opposed to the specific issues that the business faces. That has led to the adoption and use of three main strategic approaches, which deal with the problem at hand and not just the business environment. These include the stakehol der approach, dynamic capabilities, and sustainable model (Kapferer 2012). The next sections of this essay discuss the three approaches and gives clear examples of their application. Finally the last section of the paper discusses the availability of each of the three strategies, suggests the benefits of each, looks at the implementation issues, and the limitations associated with the use of the three approaches. Three Main Approaches to Strategic Management Stakeholder Approach Strategic management has long been attributed with numerous competitive advantages, especially in congested markets. It is for the same reasons that strategic management has invented several approaches to ensuring that the practice takes both a business and socio-corporate effect. This is to imply that strategic management strives to ensure that enough revenue is generated from a given investment. On the other hand, socio-corporate virtue ought to be promoted by the same practice increasing product preference in the market. One of the main approaches used by firms includes the stakeholder approach which has come with a number of factors (Oliver and Holzinger 2008). The term stakeholder in a business entity implies to all those individuals who directly or indirectly affect the operations of the involved firm. These would mainly include the employees, the management, investment partners, consumers or customers and sometimes, competitors. For any management to be considered strategic, all of the above stakeholders should be well accounted for. Stakeholders approach to strategic management come with numerous incentives to a firm given that motivation levels and working conditions are ever conducive. This is to imply that profits take an upward curve in the performance graph as reflected in financial statements (Reed, et al. 2009). The objectives of strategic management using stakeholder approach tend to be all-inclusive as well as comprehensive. In most instances, stakeholder approach ensures that there is minimal resistance from all stakeholders as all of their prime needs are highly prioritized. For instance, dividends are equitably shared among investment partners leaving a minimal room for complains on unattended shares. From another angle, employees are perfectly fitted into the involved firms objective drive by ensuring that their wages are timely met and added incentives fairly distributed. With such an approach, it would be very rare to have internal and external resistance inhibiting revenue generation (Harrison, Bosse, and Phillips 2010). It would also be of essence to note that in stakeholder approach policies are jointly enacted by all of the involved parties. Whenever there is a change that has been deemed necessary for implementation, a joint meeting is conducted with all stakeholders representation present to ensure that the process is comprehensive and transparent. In such a management environment, it is expected that all of the requirements agreed upon in the meeting should be met amicably within the shortest time period. All of the barriers to the implementation of a policy are tabled during the joint meeting to avoid instances of delays. It should also be wise to acknowledge that a highly structured communication flow is developed for the management to be efficient (Jamali 2008). Dynamic Capability Approach In most organizations, the diversity in capability tends to be a vital element of management. This depends highly on the nature of operations that the firm is engaged in especially when it comes to complex and huge projects (Wu, et al. 2012). Logically, organizations include teamwork as one of the main channels of accomplishing both simple and complicated tasks. When an assignment is conducted individually, in most cases, there are numerous cases of irregularities in terms of unattended elements and mishandled requirements. It is for this main reason that organization adopts a dynamic capability approach to strategic management (Lee, et al. 2012). Nevertheless, there are two main factors that necessitate a dynamic capability approach. To begin with, a dynamic capability approach ensures that employees work at their best in terms of their skills. The competency is optimized by aligning their trained knowledge with a task at hand. For a teamwork assignment, this approach becomes most effective when individuals are expected to submit their scheduled modules (Beske 2012). The main hurdle in this approach tends to be that ability to map ones capability to the requirements of a given task. Aside from that, it would be very true to mention that this approach to strategic management especially in the production arena or department of a firm (Rodriguez, Ricart, and Sanchez 2002). Addressing the above from another angle, optimizing competency with respect to dynamic capability tends to be a motivational attribute in strategic management. This would be well explained by the fact that one assumes the responsibility of a task with full intention of submitting a quality assignment. From a personal point of view, any individual feels at ease working with less pressure on an area they are vast in. In turn, this intrinsically motivates an employee who works hard to ensure that they submit an assigned task to the best of their ability. In the business world, having quality submissions for assignments to employees is one of the main driving factors to success (Ambrosini and Bowman 2009). From a conclusive point of view, a dynamic capabilities approach becomes more effective when the management is able to integrate all of its expertise from different employees. It would be a very futile process if a firm has rich-skilled employee base yet it is unable to maximize on such resource. Therefore, strategic management ensures that dynamic capabilities are well incorporated into the firms goals and objectives for a successful venture. If a management would incorporate this approach and fail to have a complete integrating platform, then the entire approach would ever be faulty (Augier and Teece 2009). Sustainable Approach Given the statistics of organization management, it is estimated that a substantial number of both regional and global firms use the above approach for their strategic management. In simple terms, sustainable approach is a method of management where relevance describes the structure of operations. In other terms, the management approach used perfectly fits the operations of the firm regardless of the latters nature. This would imply that the involved firms management does not take a particular direction in terms of adhering to a particular management approach (Sala, Farioli, and Zamagni 2013). There are some firms which prefer dynamic capabilities approach to stakeholder approach. However, with the described management approach in practice, any management platform is used where necessary. This approach tends to be effective with respect to some vital underlying factors (Gupta and Kumar 2013). First and foremost, sustainable approach in strategic management focuses (primarily) on the results. The sustainability effect of the management practice ensures that assignments are always submitted in time with minimal errors. In general terms, any sustainable approach adopted for strategic management depicts a typical modern management which operates in rapidly changing market or environment (Hall and Wagner 2012). Just like any market, it would be very true to note that consumer needs keep on changing from time to time. It is for this reason that sustainability approach is mostly preferred over other management approaches (Castiaux 2012). It would also be of essence to note that sustainability approach assumes the role of one fit all for most organizations. This is to state that this approach would be used for any firm irrespective of the nature of its operation. Sustainability approach ensures that an organization stays in business for as long as it meets the demands of the market. This would include incorporating any management approach that would fit onto the operations of the involved firm (Hall and Wagner 2012). It would also be of essence to note that this approach can integrate other approaches using some of their vital elements for a given operation. For instance, having a task that requires specific expertise would be well managed by dynamic capabilities approach. The same task would also play an effective role in ensuring that the firm accrues as much revenue from the market as possible. In such a phenomenon, the stakeholder approach is used to sensitize on the importance of the task and its meaning to the f irm (Wheelen and Hunger 2011.). Summary of Application FiberTech uses the stakeholder approach strategic management in its Light Wave Cable project. The first step when using the strategy is to identify and classify the stakeholders of the project. The next step is to determine the role, power, interest, and influence of each of the stakeholders. That helps management indentify the key stakeholders in the project. In the formulation of the strategies for the implementation of the project the managers base their decisions on the needs, interest, and aspirations of the most important stakeholders in the project. That helps minimise the risk of the project encountering competing goals and maximises the resources required to successfully complete the undertaking (Jamali 2008). If the firm was to use the dynamic approach, the managers would focus on the changing aspects of the project. At each stage they would have to come up with an idea of how to implement the changes that take place throughout the process. The dynamic approach is best suited for a highly changing business environment is it ensures that the managers incorporate the changing elements of their environment as they progress with the implementation of the project. On the other hand, if the firm was to use the sustainable approach the aim would be to ensure that the project lasts for a long time and remains relevant in the long-term future. The first stage in the implementation of the sustainable approach is to forecast the future needs and trends of the business environment. That helps the managers form a basis for their project and determines what clients or stakeholders will require in the unforeseen future period (Hall and Wagner 2012; Jamali 2008). Conclusions Several scholars argue that the stakeholder approach is only applicable in short term projects, which at achieving specific goals. That is because the approach targets the most crucial stakeholders in a project. The managers of the firm use the interests, expectations, and goals the most crucial stakeholders after an analysis of all the parties involved in the execution of the project, to determine next course of action in the implementation process (Oliver and Holzinger 2008). The dynamic capabilities approach is considered a valid model to use in an extremely dynamic environment. That is the case because the approach aims at maximising the capabilities of the employees and managers in a project. The idea is to equip them with the latest competences required to compete fairly with other major players in the industry. Proponents of the dynamic capabilities argue that the aim of the business is to create additional value. Therefore, for the firm to ensure continued competitiveness, the managers must adopt a flexible approach to the business so that it adapts to the changing nature of its competitive environment (Hall and Wagner 2012). The stainable approach is based on the need for the form to accept that the business environment is part of the natural and social systems. That means that for the firm to survive into the long-term unforeseen future, the managers must respect members of the social and natural environment in which it operates. Academicians and scholars agree that the approach is valid in projects that the firm intends to continue operating in the long-term future (Sala, Farioli, and Zamagni 2013). Suggested Benefits There are suggested benefits for each of the approaches discusses in this paper, Fir the stakeholder approach open of the main benefits is that the enhances objectivity in the attainment of a projects goals. Anther benefit is that it is economic in the sense that the firm does not waste resources implementing interests of stakeholders who will not influence the project in the first place. The dynamic capabilities model is said to be flexible and efficient in terms of skill and competency development in the firm. Finally, the sustainable approach makes it easy for the firm to survive and remain relevant in the business in the long-term future (Sala, Farioli, and Zamagni 2013). Implementation Issues The main implementation issue faced in the execution of the three approaches is the dynamic nature ft he business environment, it is difficult to predict accurately the future occurrences within the business world. As a result, mangers need to take the time and research thoroughly to determine the best and most effective approach and one that they can implement without many uncertainties in the future (Hall and Wagner 2012; Oliver and Holzinger 2008). Limitations Each of the three approaches has some limitations. The main limitation of using the stakeholder approach is that it is difficult to compromise or balance stakeholders interest against one another. By assuming that some of the stakeholders are important than others, the approach fails to implement some crucial strategist that would help steer the firm foreword. The dynamic capabilities approach is considered to be expensive by some managers as they have to constantly review the business trends and revise their existing strategies (Hall and Wagner 2012). Finally, the sustainable approach is costly and time consuming, which limits its application in most businesses. However, it is important to note that from the analysis in this essay, the sustainable approach to strategic management is the most effective for use if the firm intends to remain relevant for a long-time in the future (Oliver and Holzinger 2008). Reference List Ambrosini, V. and Bowman, C., 2009. What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management?International journal of management reviews,11(1), pp.29-49. Augier, M. and Teece, D.J., 2009. Dynamic capabilities and the role of managers in business strategy and economic performance.Organization science,20(2), pp.410-421. Beske, P., 2012. Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), pp.372-387. Castiaux, A., 2012. Developing dynamic capabilities to meet sustainable development challenges.International Journal of Innovation Management,16(06), p.1240013. Freeman, R.E., 2010.Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press. Gupta, S. and Kumar, V., 2013. Sustainability as corporate culture of a brand for superior performance.Journal of World Business,48(3), pp.311-320. Hall, J. and Wagner, M., 2012. Integrating sustainability into firms' processes: Performance effects and the moderating role of business models and innovation.Business Strategy and the Environment,21(3), pp.183-196. Harrison, J.S., Bosse, D.A. and Phillips, R.A., 2010. Managing for stakeholders, stakeholder utility functions, and competitive advantage.Strategic Management Journal,31(1), pp.58-74. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jamali, D., 2008. A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility: A fresh perspective into theory and practice.Journal of business ethics,82(1), pp.213-231. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lee, S., Geum, Y., Lee, H. and Park, Y., 2012. Dynamic and multidimensional measurement of product-service system (PSS) sustainability: a triple bottom line (TBL)-based system dynamics approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,32, pp.173-182. Morecroft, J.D., 2015.Strategic modelling and business dynamics: a feedback systems approach. John Wiley Sons. Oliver, C. and Holzinger, I., 2008. The effectiveness of strategic political management: A dynamic capabilities framework. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), pp.496-520. Reed, M.S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., Prell, C., Quinn, C.H. and Stringer, L.C., 2009. Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management.Journal of environmental management,90(5), pp.1933-1949. Rialp, A., Rialp, J. and Knight, G., 2014. International entrepreneurship.The Routledge Companion to International Entrepreneurship, p.7. Rodriguez, M.A., Ricart, J.E. and Sanchez, P., 2002. Sustainable development and the sustainability of competitive advantage: A dynamic and sustainable view of the firm.Creativity and Innovation Management,11(3), pp.135-146. Sala, S., Farioli, F. and Zamagni, A., 2013. Life cycle sustainability assessment in the context of sustainability science progress (part 2).The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(9), pp.1686-1697. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2011.Concepts in strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education India. Wu, Q., He, Q., Duan, Y. and O'Regan, N., 2012. Implementing dynamic capabilities for corporate strategic change toward sustainability.Strategic Change,21(5?6), pp.231-247.

The end of poverty Economic possibilities for our time Essay Example

The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time Essay The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time Name: Institution: Lecturer: We will write a custom essay sample on The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Course: Date: The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time, is a book that was written by Jeffrey Sachs, an American economist in 2005. Sachs’ book draws tremendous poverty experience of the world’s economy as well as the various groupings into which nations can be classified. The book is an impulse towards commercial success in today’s economic world. The author employs intelligent narratives together with insightful research through drawing a theoretical map of the global economy, which explains the reasons poverty and wealth have diverged across the globe. In addition, Sachs provides the causes of poverty as well as the different reasons of analyzing the way poorest countries are unable to escape poverty. He provides diverse problems many countries such as Poland, China, Russia and many others experience, in an effort to suppress poverty. I agree with Sach’s arguments because ending extreme poverty in the present is fundamental because the future generatio ns would not be affected. Ending extreme poverty in the present is fundamental because it help the future generations to live a happy life. In fact, Sachs’s justification of eradicating poverty in the present is vital. This is because if citizens want to help the future generation, they can try to end up poverty in the present. The fact is that the future is being determined by the present. Moreover, there is no way poverty can be ended by the future generation if in the present, no steps that have been taken to end it. Thus, Sachs’ book is one of the books that shed light on critical issues facing the planet. Thus, it is quite clear that determination as well as efforts made in the present about ending poverty is essential. This is because it will deliver the future generation from consequences of poverty. It is clear that many developing nations fail to eradicate poverty because of unclear policies. If the developing countries could formulate vital and clear policies, the issues of poverty could not have been a problem. I agree with the way Sachs provides varied blueprint arguments for poverty eradication. This is because of the way he presents the issue as a failure for underdeveloped countries to start at the lowest levels of the financially able nations (Sachs 2005). This is true that if the developing nations use clear policies in eradicating poverty, the future generations would not encounter problems. The only way developing nations can achieve success is true integrating their economies and working extremely hard towards achieving success. In addition, poverty eradication is a viable and a realistic objective. This lies behind people and the government’s responsibilities towards eliminating poverty especially in developing countries. It is true that poverty cannot be eradicated in developing countries if the government does not work together with people. Thus, there is need fro cooperation between the government and citizens in order to strive towards eradicating poverty. Although, poverty eradication is not an easy task, people and the government should dedicate themselves towards attaining economic success. It is the moral duty of the government and citizens to make sure, that the future generation should not be affected. Thus, in order to create change in an economy, the government should set policies effective for creating change thus eradicating poverty. In case developing nations would follow Sachs’s ideas of poverty eradication, I believe that change would occur in the developing nations. This is because his ideas are reasonable especially focusing on technology development in the developing nations. In fact, what is driving the developing nations behind is insufficient technological development and technological skills. These are the main reasons contributing to poverty issues in developing countries. Even though there are some people in developed nations living under poverty, the number in developing nations is much higher than that of developed nations. Therefore, developing nations should advance in technology as well train many people on technology use that rather depending on expatriates. Nevertheless, ending poverty in developing nations is a difficult task because of the vicious circle of poverty. The greatest problem especially in African nations is the issue of the vicious poverty circle that is difficult to break. Despite the advances that have been made from the past, poverty is still rampant in the developing regions of the world. Although Sachs argues that ending poverty is the economic possibility of the time, it is difficult to end it unless the vicious circle of poverty has been broken. Additionally, breaking the consumption pattern and encouraging people to save will somehow reduce the poverty rate thus improving economic development. The actual process towards poverty alleviation is still slow, and measures of improving livelihoods of the underprivileged are unaffordable. Thus, ending poverty especially in the poor countries cannot be achieved easily because of the ever-increasing conflicts, famine and natural disasters. Actually, it is true that the environmental, economic, social and political influences hold the society back. This is because social, environmental, economic and political influences are the principal factors that contribute to poverty in the society today. For instance, environmental issues have been the leading problems of poverty in many developing nations. This is because of poor management and pressure exerted on the ecological areas thus exposing the environment to risks. Additionally, social and economic factors such as wealth disparity as well as social inequality contribute to extreme poverty. Disproportionately centralized political powers contribute to this problem too. Political competition and poor governmental policies are also causes of poverty. Therefore, the government should emphasize on sustainable development that accomplishes the requirements of the current generation without adversely influencing the needs of the future generation. Those countries suffering from poverty problems are just like patients who need medical attention. Countries experiencing poverty problems require differential diagnosis about their economic problems. This is quite reasonable because many poor countries face diverse economic problems thus they need economic analysis. This can be analyzed by the economists in order to determine the consequences of poor development levels in poor nations. This is essential because it will enable the economists to provide clear descriptions of what is necessary in helping these countries to develop. Moreover, there are varied facts that will make a country not to join into the global market. Factors such as poor infrastructure, social disparities and unstable political climate hinder the economic development. Thus, it is agreeable that Sachs’ presentation on the utilization of clinical financial systems is necessary. This is because it scrutinizes and appraises programs for improved economic succ ess. Indeed, economic disparities are the major problems affecting the globe thus a contributing factor of poverty. Some countries are rich while others are poor because of economic inequalities. That is why many rich countries have developed and are able to reduce poverty because than the poor nations. In reality, corruption and embezzlement of funds contributes to economic disparities thus a cause for poverty. Sometimes the government can allocate resources to major areas but due to corruption, some areas of major development are left lagging behind. Moreover, some countries endure harsh conditions or they are economically affected by some factors such as political instability or natural disasters. Sachs’ ideas are quite logical because economic development varies from one region to another depending on different factors. It is true that the Gross Domestic Product and the utilization technology systems in production, determine a country’s wellbeing based on its financial a dvancement. In case developing nations want to achieve economic success, they can involve in successive market economies. Successful market alone cannot eradicate poverty. Therefore, there is a need to employ some of the market driven approaches vital for creating successful markets across the globe. Companies in developing nations should go into global for successive business performance. For instance, employing approaches such as neoliberalism is vital. This is because the theory emphasizes the effectiveness of private enterprises, liberal trade and fairly open markets for successful market economies. Moreover, the government needs to remove trade barriers and allow other companies especially those in developing countries to participate in global markets. Sachs believes that it is through successive market economies whereby some areas in need of help can be able to climb the ladder of development (Sachs, 2005). I agree that millennium development goals (MDGs) are the fundamental steps toward sustainable development. Through the development goals where poverty eradication is one of the major goals, United Nations can uplift the standards of people in developing and underdeveloped nations. This is a sound and valid argument because it will benefit many people living in poverty. However, the problem is that MDGs face diverse challenges in achieving or accomplishing these goals. This is because more than half of the funds towards debt relief are owned by poor nations. The remaining aid is allocated towards natural disaster relief as well as the military and thus it does not help in the development of the nation. Even when the United Nations tries to achieve MDGs, it is quite challenging because of the aid moving from the wealth to their adjoining allies. Sachs presents his case in that the industrialized nations have the ability to come up with funds that can remove underdeveloped nations from poverty. However, this is not accurate as even poor nations have a role to play in their development. Lastly, it is necessary to increase involvement in international trade as well as developing nations joining the multinational corporations to reduce poverty. This is crucial because it will create more employment and increase better performance of the economy. The idea about United Nations’ (UN) involvement in poverty eradiation is fundamental but eradicating poverty in the African countries is not an easy task. It is true that even the money that the US spends in Africa is not enough to solve the poverty problems. To date, not even a single country has been saved from financial deficiency by external donors (Sachs, 2005). Instead, they have developed through their own efforts with little from the developed world. Moreover, corruption and embezzlement of funds makes the poor countries lag far behind. In conclusion, Sachs’ book is an exceptional and comprehensive book on a critical subject. Therefore, it should be encouraged for reading by students as well as those participating in public policy formulation. This is because poverty is a serious problem facing many nations. Moreover, the book has various causes and solutions towards poverty rate. Although, these cannot eliminate poverty in the shortest time possible, they can create awareness amongst individuals as well as help them tackle the problems of poverty. The book is particularly revealing especially in the way it reveals the challenging problems in the developing nations. Sachs emphasizes on the challenges that nations face in a quest to achieve their MDGs. Additionally, ending poverty in developing nations is a difficult task because of the vicious circle of poverty. Thus, it is necessary to formulate and implement efficient financial market structures to enable in the assessment and supervision of the financial w oes of developing nations. Reference: Sachs, J. (2005). The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time. New York, NY: Penguin Press.